Converting tanshinone IIA into its sodium sulfonate form (sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate, STS) greatly increases polarity and bioavailability, and indeed STS is used interchangeably with tanshinone IIA in studies and has been approved in China as an injectable drug (Shao et al., 2024
Seiwerth, S., et al
Carpal tunnel injections have emerged as a highly effective treatment option for individuals suffering from debilitating hand pain
3) Metabolic gap acidosis secondary to 5-Oxoproline accumulation 5-Oxoproline is an intermediate metabolite in the gamma-glutamyl cycle shown below in a figure from a nice review in CJASN
Their cost-effectiveness and favorable pharmacokinetic properties (e.g., efficient absorption and potent bioactivity) make them attractive candidates for localized and targeted wound therapies [29, 54-57]
Degidi M, Piattelli M, Scarano A, Iezzi G, Piattelli A